XIT
A Story of Land, Cattle, and Capital in Texas and Montana
Published by: University of Oklahoma Press
Imprint: University of Oklahoma Press
284 Pages | 6 x 9 | 33 b&w illus., 4 maps, 3 tables
$29.95
$24.95
$21.95
The Texas state constitution of 1876 set aside three million acres of public land in the Texas Panhandle in exchange for construction of the state’s monumental red-granite capitol in Austin. That land became the XIT Ranch, briefly one of the most productive cattle operations in the West. The story behind the legendary XIT Ranch, told in full in this book, is a tale of Gilded Age business and politics at the very foundation of the American cattle industry.
The capitol construction project, along with the acres that would become XIT, went to an Illinois syndicate led by men influential in politics and business. Unable to sell the land, the Illinois group, backed by British capital, turned to cattle ranching to satisfy investors. In tracing their efforts, which expanded to include a satellite ranch in Montana, historian Michael M. Miller demythologizes the cattle business that flourished in the late-nineteenth-century American West, paralleling the United States’ first industrial revolution.
The XIT Ranch came into being and succeeded, Miller shows, only because of the work of accountants, lawyers, and managers, overseen by officers and a board of seasoned international capitalists. In turn, the ranch created wealth for some and promoted the expansion of railroads, new towns, farms, and jobs. Though it existed only from 1885 to 1912, from Texas to Montana the operation left a deep imprint on community culture and historical memory.
Describing the Texas capitol project in its full scope and gritty detail, XIT cuts through the popular portrayal of great western ranches to reveal a more nuanced and far-reaching reality in the business and politics of the beef industry at the close of America’s Gilded Age.
Michael M. Miller teaches history at colleges in the Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex. His article on the XIT Ranch appeared in Montana The Magazine of Western History and won the Spur Award for Best Western Short Nonfiction from the Western Writers of America.
“Michael M. Miller provides a meticulously researched and intensely focused study on the men and business strategies behind the mythic XIT ranch. Although one would hope that by now readers who enjoy western history understand that the post-Civil War cattle business was, indeed, an industry, Miller not only reinforces that point, but also shows how the XIT dominated this era of imperial ranches with near hegemonic power, utilizing their network of financial and political forces to help shape agricultural enterprises in Texas and the West into the twenty-first century.”— Southwestern Historical Quarterly
“Michael Miller’s XIT: A Story of Land, Cattle, and Capital in Texas and Montana is a readable and intelligent update of the Texas Panhandle’s most important ranch, whose story was first recorded in book form by J. Evetts Haley in 1929. Now, with many year’s distance and a well-trained contemporary historian’s eye, Michael Miller has proven that the XIT Ranch played a significant role in the Panhandle’s modern history, but he tells that story in new, interesting, and engaging ways.”—Panhandle Plains Historical Review
“Mike Miller’s account of an iconic ranch, cattle barons, cowhands, and crooks, capitalists, and investors is well told, well researched, and powerful. XIT: A Story of Land, Cattle, and Capital in Texas and Montana is a welcome addition to our knowledge of the western range livestock industry, its heritage, and its people.”—Pacific Northwest Quarterly
“Miller provides an interesting and very detailed history that goes well beyond the nineteenth-century ranching industry. His work shows the complex and interconnected nature between multiple industries, state governments, and the federal government.”—New Mexico Historical Review
Related Books
